Ultimate guide to getting Nigerian passports and other travel documents
Nigeria Passport
Ultimate Guide to Getting Nigerian Passports and Other Travel Documents
Traveling internationally as a Nigerian citizen requires a valid travel document — primarily the Nigerian passport.
This guide provides an in-depth overview of how to obtain different Nigerian passports, related travel documents, eligibility criteria, step-by-step application processes, and key considerations.
1. Overview of Nigerian Travel Documents
a. Nigerian Passports
The Nigerian government issues biometric passports to Nigerian citizens. These passports comply with international standards, enabling holders to travel globally.
b. Other Travel Documents
- Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC): For Nigerians abroad whose passports are lost, stolen, or damaged. Used for returning to Nigeria only.
- Certificate of Identity (COI): For non-Nigerian residents who are stateless or cannot obtain passports from their country of origin.
2. Types of Nigerian Passports and Their Uses
| Passport Type | Description | Eligibility | Validity | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regular (Standard) | For general citizens traveling abroad | All Nigerian citizens | 5 or 10 years | 32 or 64 pages |
| Official Passport | Issued for government officials on duty | Government officials, staff | Varies | Varies |
| Diplomatic Passport | For Nigerian diplomats and high-ranking officials | Diplomats, top government personnel | Varies | Varies |
3. Who Can Apply?
- Must be a Nigerian citizen by birth, descent, naturalization, or registration.
- Minors (under 18) can apply but require parental consent.
- Applicants must have a National Identification Number (NIN) or proof of registration.
- Non-citizens cannot apply for Nigerian passports but may qualify for other travel documents like the COI.
4. Detailed Step-by-Step Application Process
Step 1: Gather Required Documents
For Adults:
- Birth certificate or age declaration from the National Population Commission (NPC)
- National Identification Number (NIN) slip or card
- Valid means of identification (e.g., voter’s card, driver’s license)
- Two recent passport-sized photographs (white background)
- Payment receipt for passport application fee
- For those with previous passports: old passport for renewal or verification
For Minors:
- Birth certificate (mandatory)
- Parents’ or legal guardians’ identification
- Letter of consent signed by both parents or guardians
- Letter of introduction or affidavit if applicable
Step 2: Register on the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) Online Portal
Access the official NIS Passport Application portal, create an account using a valid email and phone number, fill the application form with accurate personal details, next of kin, and travel information, then select the passport type, issuance center, and preferred appointment date.
Step 3: Make Payment for Application Fees
Payments are made online through approved banks or via card payment options on the portal. Keep the transaction receipt carefully as you will need it for verification.
Step 4: Schedule and Attend Appointment at Passport Office
Print your completed application form and payment receipt. Visit the selected Passport Office on the appointment date, submit your documents, undergo biometric capturing (photo, fingerprints, and signature), and complete any necessary interview or verification if requested.
Step 5: Track Your Application
Use the NIS portal or SMS services to check the status of your application. Processing usually takes 3-10 working days but can extend during peak periods.
Step 6: Passport Collection
When notified, return to the Passport Office for collection. Present valid identification and the collection slip. Inspect your passport for any errors immediately before leaving.
5. Passport Renewal and Replacement
Renewal
Must apply before the expiration date (preferably 6 months prior). Follow the same procedure as new application but indicate renewal. Bring your old passport to surrender during processing.
Replacement
If your passport is lost or stolen, report immediately to the police and obtain a police report. Apply for a replacement passport using the same portal. Provide the police report and affidavit of loss during submission.
6. Fees and Payment Details (Approximate as of 2025)
| Service | Validity | Pages | Fee (₦) Approx. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Passport | 5 years | 32 | 25,000 |
| Standard Passport | 10 years | 64 | 35,000 |
| Official/Diplomatic Passport | Varies | Varies | Varies |
| Emergency Travel Certificate | Single trip | – | 10,000 |
| Certificate of Identity | Varies | – | 15,000 |
Payments are made electronically; beware of unofficial agents.
7. Emergency Travel Documents Explained
Emergency Travel Certificate (ETC)
For Nigerians abroad who lose their passport. Issued at Nigerian embassies and consulates overseas. Permits travel to Nigeria only, not beyond.
Certificate of Identity (COI)
Issued to stateless persons or non-citizens residing in Nigeria. Functions as a travel document recognized internationally. Requires application through Nigerian Immigration Service.
8. Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them
| Challenge | Solution |
|---|---|
| Delays in processing | Apply early; track status regularly |
| Incorrect personal details | Double-check before submission |
| Difficulty in obtaining NIN | Visit the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) for registration |
| Appointment unavailability | Check portal frequently for open slots |
| Payment verification failures | Keep all receipts and screenshots of payments |
9. Important Tips for a Smooth Passport Application
- Use only the official Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) portal for applications to avoid scams.
- Always print and keep copies of all application forms, payment receipts, and emails.
- Arrive early on your appointment day with all original documents and photocopies.
- Avoid middlemen; the process is straightforward if you follow the official steps.
- Minors need special care: ensure both parents or guardians consent to the application.
- Renew passports early to avoid travel disruptions.
10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Can I apply for a Nigerian passport outside Nigeria?
- Yes, through Nigerian embassies or consulates abroad.
- How long does the passport process take?
- Typically 3-10 working days, depending on demand and verification.
- What if my application is rejected?
- You will be informed of the reasons and can correct and reapply.
- Can I apply for a passport without a birth certificate?
- No, but you may obtain an age declaration affidavit from the National Population Commission.
11. Useful Official Links and Contacts
- Nigeria Immigration Service
- Passport Application Portal
- National Identity Management Commission
- National Population Commission
- Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
- Nigerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Embassies & Consulates)
Summary
Acquiring a Nigerian passport involves careful preparation of documents, online registration, fee payment, biometric capture, and tracking your application. Whether applying for the first time, renewing, or replacing, following official guidelines ensures a smooth process.
Additionally, understanding other travel documents like Emergency Travel Certificates and Certificates of Identity is essential for special cases.
